84, p= . Jan 23, 2024 · Along the same line, Shore, Cleveland, and Sanchez (Reference Shore, Cleveland and Sanchez 2018) suggest that an inclusive organization is one with inclusion practices and processes that are core to the fabric of the organization. Table of contents for Inclusive Practices, 2, 4, Nov 01, 2023. 98 It is Aug 28, 2019 · E-inclusion: Learning difficulties and digital technologies. The views and opinions expressed in this paper are Dec 11, 2023 · Published by: Inclusive education, focusing on creating an accessible learning environment for diverse learners, is a crucial aspect of contemporary educational practices. We analyze two – somewhat opposing – discourses regarding inclusive education, namely, the “inclusion for some” – which represents the idea that children with Sep 1, 2021 · A considerable amount of research on teachers' self-efficacy pays particular attention to their efficacy beliefs in implementing inclusive practices, echoing international trends towards inclusive education (UNESCO [The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization], 1994; United Nations, 2006; United Nations General Assembly Mar 6, 2020 · The Key to Inclusive Leadership. Inclusive Practices is a quarterly online journal published by TASH that addresses research-to-practice considerations relating to or relevant for persons with significant support needs across the lifespan. Jan 31, 2021 · Conceptually, inclusive pedagogy has been de ned as. , 2023 Mar 4, 2020 · The starting point for developing inclusive practices is with the sharing of existing approaches through collaboration amongst staff, leading to experimentation with new practices that will reach out to all students (Ainscow, Citation 2016b). As a result of this work, it is argued that the development of such practices is not about adopting ‘recipes’ of the sort described in much of the existing literature. [Google Scholar] Aug 4, 2016 · Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs publishes original, high-quality articles on meeting special educational needs and inclusive education. ’ Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 7 (2), pp. , 2011) and, although teachers are expected to be open and positive towards inclusion, in some cases it has been reported that their conceptions are more inclined to pose barriers rather than facilitators (Colmenero et al. ISSN : 3005-9976. Croydon: CPI Group (UK) Ltd. 04). diversity, equity, and creativity in various domains. Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs . JOIIP aims to foster a culture of Inclusivity. J. Inclusive Practices publishes articles that provide tips and strategies for practitioners, families, and self-advocates Apr 26, 2019 · Over the past two decades, science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) faculty have been striving to make their teaching practices more inclusive and welcoming to the variety of students who enter college. An open-ended questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were used to extend the current understanding of collaboration between teaching staff. New content; Inclusive Practices ISSN: 2732-4745; Online ISSN: 2732-4745; About SAGE Publishing The British Educational Research Journal is an interdisciplinary journal publishing the best educational research from across the globe. A team with wide-ranging lived experiences from a national public health association's diversity, equity, and inclusion group compiled the tips, which were reiteratively discussed and refined. Abstract Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is a framework that can be applied when planning inclusive mathematics to benefit all students in a classroom, including students with extensive support needs. The capability approach is a useful tool to evaluate early childhood education, the principles of inclusion in early childhood education, and the equity of these practices. However, beyond positive attitudes, there is a need for finding strategies for the Journal of inclusive & innovative practices. Inclusive education has plateaued to a degree with demand increasing for non-inclusive settings. It has not been edited by the team. Allan, J. (2007) ‘Principals’ and teachers’ attitudes and knowledge of inclusive education as predictors of effective teaching practices in Ghana. Jun 6, 2019 · from inclusion to inclusive The lack of diverse representation in precision medicine and other biomedical research is a well-known problem. 104–13. Separate educational provision is increasing in many countries, including Australia. A E M I R O T A D E S S E M E R G I A 2 0 2 0 The practice of inclusive education in Ethiopia This paper was commissioned by the Global Education Monitoring Report as background information to assist in drafting the 2020 GEM Report, Inclusion and education. Cambridge Journal of Education. The inclusion of children with disabilities in early childhood education increasingly appears as a significant area of interest, given that the range of policies and practices followed in different countries have a different impact on children and their life chances (European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education Citation 2017; Vlachou and Fyssa Citation 2016; UNESCO Jul 22, 2021 · International Journal of Inclusive Education, Volume 28, Issue 6 (2024) See all volumes and issues. With great anticipation and excitement, the fourth edition of the Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs book has arrived. Title proper: Journal of inclusive Apr 28, 2018 · International Journal of Inclusive Education 15: 29–39. There are three main components to the argument for and against inclusive Journal Purpose. Inclusive education Nov 18, 2008 · A ‘more rounded appreciation of how to deliver inclusive practice’ begins with an understanding that inclusive practice is more than differentiation. The focus for CIRCLE was teachers and related services personnel, aiming to make recommendations for meaningful change in their practices based on research findings. Data collected through interviews were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis resulting in two themes relevant to autism and inclusive practices: Inclusion Support and Mothers’ Support. Bristol: Futurelab. Given the current review is focused on teacher pedagogy and practice, ‘inclusive practice is used to refer to any strategies/behaviours that teachers use to. Finally, this study provides evidence that while inclusive teaching is related to effective teaching more generally, distinctions exist between these constructs which warrant separate consideration amongst Jul 20, 2020 · Many aspects of these practices reflect current literature on IE practices such as (a) a positive and welcoming inclusive school culture (Francis, Blue-Banning, Turnbull, Haines, & Gross, 2016); (b) high expectations for student progress (Southward & Kyzar, 2017); (c) supportive administrative personnel who maintain high expectations and Inclusive Practices is a quarterly online journal published by TASH that addresses research-to-practice considerations relating to or relevant for persons with significant support needs across the lifespan. In focus groups, teachers (N = 18) identified terms they associated with autism and strategies they used for inclusion and relationship building. Madrid Akpovo, Nganga, and Acharya ( Citation 2018 ) promote the use of contextually appropriate practices (CAP), developed in collaboration with local cultures and communities, in order to make education for young children Mar 31, 2011 · It is highly acknowledged that teaching practices play a central role in the successful implementation of inclusive education or inclusion of all types of students (Ainscow et al. A capability approach has in recent years been applied to the experience of children in educational settings Apr 4, 2017 · The study was part of a wider partnership entitled CIRCLE (Child Inclusion: Research into Curriculum, Learning and Education) designed to identify and disseminate inclusive practices. doi: 10. Effective These strategies were implemented by teachers as inclusive practices, and Nov 15, 2019 · The goal of this article is to provide a critical analysis of barriers to social inclusion and integration in schools and propose inclusive educational practices that help connect and unite diverse students. Inclusive education, which aims to provide equal opportunities for all students regardless of their diverse backgrounds and abilities, has garnered increasing attention in recent years. It involves an understanding of the interactive socio-cultural factors that interact to produce individual differences (biology, culture, family, school), rather than explanations that stress Introduction. G. & Desai, I. There is a consensus that what teachers do in the classroom directly impacts student’s learning. 1111/j. Measuring teacher efficacy to implement inclusive practices. Oct 16, 2023 · International Journal of Inclusive Education, 14 (1), 97-114. e. B. Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 14(3), 180–191. Sep 7, 2020 · In the academic literature, inclusive education is presented as an ideology (Allan 2014) that guides practice to respect the right of all learners to quality education. Jan 13, 2020 · Instead, scholars need to develop and use culturally inclusive theories, perspectives, and practices on child development. Inclusive Practices publishes articles that provide tips and strategies for practitioners, families, and self-advocates; current issues Jun 10, 2019 · Research on inclusive pedagogy has documented practices which are informative and valuable in understanding how teachers can enact inclusive pedagogy in their classrooms (Florian and Black-Hawkins Citation 2011; Florian and Spratt Citation 2013; Spratt and Florian Citation 2015). This updated text is the culminating work of many, having drawn on the diverse voices and expertise within and outside of the organization. Kuyini, A. The beliefs and attitudes of teachers are an important element in the development of inclusive education and its associated practices. Abstract Multilingual learners (MLs) who communicate via alternative and augmentative communication (AAC) experience many barriers to accessing inclusive literacy instruction with same-age and multilingual peers. fi fi. Oct 18, 2017 · Therefore, an electronic survey was sent to Finnish comprehensive school teachers (N = 2276) in order to assess the prevalence of three selected inclusive strategies: co-teaching, group work, and differentiation. 2014. Booth noted that inclusive education focuses on increasing participation for all learners, creating systems that value all individuals equally, and promoting equity, compassion, human rights, and resp A Capability Approach in Early Childhood Education. (2014). The Teacher Efficacy for Inclusive Practices (TEIP) scale is designed to measure teacher-self efficacy to teach in inclusive classrooms. (2020). While most teachers and administrators are supportive of inclusive education, teachers are experiencing challenges that are impacting its success. This paper reports on a study designed to examine teachers' craft knowledge of their practice of ‘inclusion’ in terms of what they do, why and how. , 2006;Florian Sep 1, 2022 · Furthermore, as increases in teachers' self-efficacy are suggested to aid the development of positive teacher attitudes towards inclusion (Savolainen et al. Aug 26, 2022 · Teachers’ classroom practices and how they implement educational reform account substantially for students’ academic learning and achievement (Hattie, 2009). Resource information. Inclusive teaching is most effective when the academic experience is based on relationships and dialogue. But, results from TALIS 2013 points out challenges and difficulties experienced by both school leaders and teachers. Emphasising the importance of Collaboration between educators is considered to be the key issue when implementing inclusive practices within schools. ABSTRACT Several instructional strategies have been recommended for use in heterogeneous classrooms, but the frequency of their actual use has remained largely unknown. di erences, in order to avoid exclu ding cer tain The Journal of Inclusive and Innovative Practices (JOIIP) is a peer-reviewed, open-access. , 2020) and their willingness to employ inclusive practice (Wilson et al. Abstract Diverse approaches to promoting disability inclusive employment aim to transform workplaces into truly inclusive environments, usually with intervention strategies Feb 1, 2021 · These attitudes towards inclusive education are essential for the success of the inclusive classroom (Boyle et al. Lately, several schools Dec 27, 2023 · Inclusive education is not just a goal; it is a commitment to making sure that every student, regardless of their unique needs, can learn, grow, and thrive in a diverse classroom. Education, Psychology. The Network involves teams of researchers from three universities in working alongside school and local education authority practitioners as they explore ways of developing more inclusive practices. Jan 7, 2021 · “Measuring Teacher Efficacy to Implement Inclusive Practices. The development of inclusive education practice: A review of literature. administrators and teachers regarding inclusion, and negative teacher attitudes (Aral, 2011; Batu, 2010; Gök & Erbaş, 2011). Strategies that enhance the confidence and support the experience of a diverse student population 1 ) enhance the learning of all students, 2 ) support STEM innovation, and Jan 6, 2003 · British Journal of Special Education focuses on a wide range of special educational needs (SEN), covering all levels of education from pre-school to post-school. The results showed that co-teaching was used by 42% and group work by 43% of the teachers at least on a weekly basis, while Sep 1, 2020 · By implementing inclusive policies and practices, schools can increase learner outcomes . Current practices regarding inclusive education vary enormously depending on a wide range of issues, specifically the context and culture of an education system. The influence of teaching experience and professional development on Greek teachers’ attitudes towards inclusion. Implementing the Project Approach in Inclusive Early Childhood Classrooms S. , 2012). With a focus on practical implementation, recommendations offered by authors of work included in this collection provide valuable tools for practitioners aiming to develop systems for disability inclusion This comprehensive reference work covers a wide range of issues pertaining to the social inclusion paradigm, including: Handbook of Social Inclusion: Research and Practices in Health and Social Sciences is an invaluable resource for professors, students, researchers, and scholars in public health, social sciences, medicine, and health sciences. Therefore, an electronic survey was sent to Finnish comprehensive school teachers (N = 2276) in order to assess the prevalence of Feb 20, 2007 · Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs publishes original, high-quality articles on meeting special educational needs and inclusive education. However, as more students with disabilities successfully complete their early schooling, the need to move towards inclusive practices within higher education has increased. A case study approach can provide a vivid picture of teacher perspectives alongside naturalistic classroom play contexts, furthering our understanding of how teachers incorporate considerations for inclusion within children’s play. International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education, 12(1), 68-83. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 14 (4), 401–416. Jan 10, 2014 · Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs publishes original, high-quality articles on meeting special educational needs and inclusive education. Inclusive education is a contested concept, with the underlying practices and meanings varying from region to region. This Special Issue calls for papers on inclusion in education focusing on (mis)alignments between inclusive policies, culture, and practices. This journal article Apr 4, 2019 · For implementing inclusive practice parents might be strong partners in the community but also in the political arena. Remaking the professional teacher: Authority and curriculum As inclusive practice is defi ned as teaching abstract = "There is a consensus that what teachers do in the classroom directly impacts student{\textquoteright}s learning. The purpose of this research was to examine the experiences of four pre-service teachers (PSTs) implementing differentiated instruction (DI) using action research. Apr 16, 2022 · Purpose: The study evaluated the effectiveness of a training program for social workers to reduce their negative perceptions on children with special education needs (SEN), enhance their self-efficacy for inclusive practice, and promote their competencies in helping these children in Hong Kong. 1471-3802. E. The Preschool Inclusion Toolbox: How to Build and Lead a High-Quality Program E. Drawing upon a wide range of literature, the review highlights the Mar 10, 2021 · However, the understanding and definition of the concept and development of inclusive practices differ in and between different countries and make researching inclusive education even more essential for understanding what inclusion is and how it can be achieved (Hernández-Torrano, Somerton, and Helmer Citation 2020). The report of the Education Reform Initiation (Eğitim Reformu Girişimi, 2011) on inclusion practices and problems in Turkey entitled “A Situational Analysis of Inclusion” demonstrated that even though Inclusive Practices is a quarterly online journal published by TASH that addresses research-to-practice considerations relating to or relevant for persons with significant support needs across the lifespan. x Feb 20, 2007 · This paper provides an account of the methodological lessons and emerging findings of a collaborative action research network in England. Jul 29, 2022 · Journal of International Development is a development studies journal for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers focused ondevelopment policy, economics, and more. ’. Inclusive Practices publishes articles that provide tips and strategies for practitioners, families, and self-advocates; current issues Dec 23, 2016 · Inclusive education was originally developed for younger students, prior to its application within higher education. Jun 1, 2018 · Gotsis and Grimani (2016) proposed a model of inclusion in which servant leadership leads to inclusive organizational practices then to workgroup climate for inclusion, leading to outcomes for minority and marginalized employees consisting of organizational identification, OCB, and psychological well-being. Nov 9, 2020 · The aim of this study was to explore the role of Mothers of young adults on the autism spectrum in Australia, during the transition to adulthood. , 2021; Segall & Campbell, 2012) which we also identified. Published 1 March 1996. However, many STEM faculty, even those at teaching-focused institutions, have been educated in a traditional environment that emphasizes research and may not include classroom Aug 7, 2023 · This special issue tackles disability inclusion in the workplace—an overdue topic that has direct implications for individual well-being, organizational performance, and societal justice. Such inclusive organizations will embrace the synergy in the inclusive climate, inclusion practices, perceived May 3, 2023 · Inclusive education continues to be a highly discussed topic in schools. (2011) Inclusive Practices, Inclusive Pedagogies, Learning from Widening Participation Research in Art and Design Higher Education. To maximise the validity of data, and to avoid contextual confusion, this review focuses on one state in Australia, that of Western Australia. Linking ISSN (ISSN-L): 3005-9976. which attempt to overcome barriers to the participation and learning of students (Ainscow 2005). Volume 28, 2024 Vol 27, 2023 Vol 26, 2022 Vol 25, 2021 Vol 24, 2020 Vol 23, 2019 Vol 22, 2018 Vol 21, 2017 Vol 20, 2016 Vol 19, 2015 Vol 18, 2014 Vol 17, 2013 Vol 16, 2012 Vol 15, 2011 Vol 14, 2010 Vol 13, 2009 Vol 12, 2008 Vol 11, 2007 Vol 10 Mar 6, 2023 · This paper outlines practical tips for inclusive healthcare practice and service delivery, covering diversity aspects and intersectionality. ” Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs 12 (1): 12–21]. Responses to the open-ended questions revealed that teachers were positively disposed towards the enactment of inclusive practices in their school. journal that publishes original research, reviews, and perspectives on the intersection of. May 16, 2013 · Abstract. For Feb 10, 2016 · Journal of Inclusive Education, 14 (7), 709-722. The United Nations’ Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD; 2006) and the Sustainable Development Goals in 2015 (United Nations, 2006) paved the way for reform toward inclusive education, and teachers play a key Introduction. Alzahrani, N. The original study identified three scale factors: efficacy in using inclusive instruction (EII), efficacy in collaboration (EC), and efficacy in managing behavior (EMB) (Sharma et al. , overall heterogeneity) across students. Nov 23, 2023 · This reflective paper delves into the examination of inclusive practices in schools through the lens of systems thinking, a conceptual framework. 2012;12(1):12 - 21. educators and educational institutions to eff ectively understand, respect, and respond to the diverse Oct 1, 2015 · As Derven’s research indicates, diversity and inclusion initiatives must be adapted to each region, requiring a multi-faceted approach across the organization’s policies and practices. Apr 11, 2020 · Resources for Practicing Inclusion in Early Childhood Settings. Farrell, L. Student teachers’ attitudes and beliefs towards using ICT within inclusive education and practice. Jun 22, 2022 · A qualitative multiple case study was employed to explore the perspectives and practices of three kindergarten teachers in Ontario, Canada. Ostrosky, & L. M. Barton & B. You are adding the following journal to your email alerts. Ainscow (2005) denes inclusive practices as actions. These measures can establish a tripartite collaborative relationship model among families, schools, and communities (Zhang et al. Gerrard, J. This study reports on the development and use of an analytical framework for interrogating the practice of newly qualified mainstream teachers recently graduated from a one-year Professional Graduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) that was informed by a concept of inclusive pedagogy. 01200. Inclusive leadership is emerging as a unique and critical capability helping organisations adapt to diverse customers, markets, ideas and talent. However, there is a lack of research into how teachers can enact Jan 30, 2019 · ABSTRACT. , 2015 Feb 8, 2011 · Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs publishes original, high-quality articles on meeting special educational needs and inclusive education. Inclusive education aims to provide equitable educational opportunities for all students, regardless of their abilities or backgrounds. Critical components of successful inclusion of students with severe disabilities: Literature review. Participants systematically . Papers published are original, refereed, multi-disciplinary Nov 9, 2020 · Inclusive education requires teachers to recognise diversity as a part of the human condition and prepare their students for participating in an inclusive social context after leaving school. Feb 22, 2019 · Interestingly, in-service teachers (i. Smith (2015) Baltimore, MD: Brookes. Sep 10, 2021 · In this paper, we intend to consider different understandings of inclusive education that frame current public and professional debates as well as policies and practices. Futurelab series, report 15. 19-32. May 4, 2018 · International Journal of Inclusive Education. Aug 3, 2015 · Abstract. This research approaches the study of inclusive education implementation from the perspective of the teacher. , 2016), understanding how teacher self-efficacy may relate to inclusive practices would be valuable and timely. [Google Scholar] Avramidis, Elias, and Efrosini Kalyva. Currently, however there is a paucity of data identifying which teaching practices actually support learning within an inclusive classroom, especially data derived from direct observations of teachers. The purpose of our study was to examine the TEIP scale for Individuality and Inclusive Practices for Early Childhood. This special edition of the journal focuses on what is, arguably, the biggest challenge facing education systems, that of developing practices that will reach out to those learners who are Aug 10, 2023 · Inclusion in education is not an outcome but an ongoing principled process that requires commitment and dedication carried out through alignment between inclusive policies, culture, and practices. , and Harris, S. Existing studies make evident that parents who experience inclusion gain a more positive idea about it (de Boer, Pijl, and Minnaert Citation 2010). However, as we explore the world of inclusive practices, it becomes evident that there are challenges to overcome, but also innovative solutions to celebrate. This Jul 11, 2024 · The International Journal of Inclusive Education provides a strategic forum for international and multi-disciplinary dialogue on inclusive education for all educators and educational policy-makers concerned with the form and nature of schools, universities and technical colleges. The questionnaire was administrated to 167 classroom teachers, subject teachers Sharma U, Loreman T, Forlin C. an approach to teaching and learni ng in which teachers respond to learners’ individual. European Journal of Special Needs Education 22: 367–89. Katz (2018) Baltimore, MD: Brookes Jan 16, 2024 · Additionally, teachers who demonstrate quality inclusive teaching practices are more likely to demonstrate better teaching in other areas. [19] Ferraioli, S. Apr 19, 2020 · The analysis of the field and suggestions for future research in this positional article is primarily based on (a) a review of influential articles in inclusive education research (Nilholm and Göransson Citation 2017); (b) an overview (Nilholm Citation submitted) of influential reviews in five leading special needs journals (European Journal Sep 3, 2020 · This article discusses the justification for inclusive education in Australia, whilst being cognizant of the wider international landscape. For example, rare genetic variants may be over-looked—or their association with common, complex diseases can be misinterpreted—as a result of sampling bias in genetics research ( 6 ). The other components that stem from that dialogue point to the environment (climate) and activities (pedagogy) created to sustain the dialogue, as well as the external resources leveraged to support it. Diversity is defined broadly to refer to a range of differences (i. Having that in mind schools could be more pro-active to get parents more May 15, 2019 · Inclusive teaching practices preserve and enhance the diversifying student population by creating a supportive environment that provides a variety of approaches to success. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the challenges and successes encountered in implementing inclusive education practices. 2007. This paper reports on the collaborative development of a ‘National Framework for Inclusion’ under the auspices of the Scottish Teacher Education Committee by a working party representing each of the Scottish Universities providing initial teacher education. Mar 17, 2024 · Cultural competence in education is a multifaceted concept that encompasses the ability of. 97 Taking an ethno-centric approach for driving diversity and inclusion initiatives globally has been cautioned as a sure recipe for failure. Bhagat, D and O’Neil, P. (2013) 'Dyslexia in Higher Education: The Decision to Study Art', European Journal of Special Needs Education, 28(1), pp. 2011. . Educators appeared to have strong beliefs regarding inclusive practices and these beliefs did not necessarily reflect the momentum towards greater inclusion. The Teacher Efficacy for Inclusive Practices (TEIP) scale is designed to measure teacher‐self efficacy to teach in inclusive classrooms. , & McIntosh, K. 2011. Summary. Alice Udvari-Solner. Google Scholar Beacham, N. Jan 9, 2021 · Fulfilling obligations under the legislation, and implementing inclusive practices consistently across schools, requires alignment between inclusive policy and schooling processes and procedures, with bureaucratic systems reflecting the DSE (Urbis, 2015). Beneke, M. Identifiers. International Journal of Special Education, 27(1), 42-59. In order to discern what inclusive education is, it is necessary to consider local conceptualizations of childhood and children’s rights, models, and structures of schooling, societal norms, and other regional conditions. Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine strategies used by classroom teachers for including students with severe multiple disabilities in elementary general education Aug 2, 2006 · Educators from the ESCs were more accepting than were their regular school peers and as educators became more experienced they became less accepting of inclusion. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 12, pp. Jun 4, 2010 · The Network involves teams of university researchers in working with practitioners in order to encourage the development of inclusive practices. Mar 28, 2024 · Second, in the process of inclusive practice, IE teachers need to advocate for the active involvement of the school system and promote the participation and collaboration of families, communities, and society. May 11, 2018 · Bacon, A, & Bennett, S. Reviews in all jurisdictions note the challenge of developing a system for resourcing for Aug 28, 2021 · To identify target areas for professional development, this mixed-methods study examined general education teachers’ perceptions of autism and pedagogical practices in early elementary classrooms in the United States. Theoretical Influences on the Establishment of Inclusive Practices. 651–65. The Ron Gulliford Lecture: The Next Step for Special Education: Supporting the Development of Inclusive Practices - Ainscow - 2000 - British Journal of Special Education - Wiley Online Sep 21, 2022 · Developing positive attitudes towards inclusive education is important, and there is a consensus that teacher attitudes are congruent with the effectiveness of inclusive education (Bolourian et al. This requires the development of a common language with which colleagues can talk to one another and While research on the effects of teacher education on practice remains inconclusive (Cochran-Smith and Zeichner Citation 2005), recent research on the topic of teacher education for inclusive education suggests that inclusive approaches to teaching should be a core element of general teacher preparation rather than a specialist topic (Rouse and Table of contents for Inclusive Practices, 1, 1, Feb 01, 2022. participants currently implementing inclusive practice to varying degrees) defined inclusion significantly more often in terms of this category than did pre-service teachers, who are still preparing to pursue their teaching careers (χ 2 (2, N= 125) = 5. L. qy ob db xs le jj hm bl ad cz